On climate prediction: how much can we expect from climate memory?

Bioenergy: how much can we expect for 2050?

How much can we expect from vasodilator therapy in congestive heart failure?

THE "GEE, WHIZ" PHASE of vasodilator therapy has passed. We know that a wide variety of vasodilator compounds produce some combination of reduction in left ventricular filling pressure and enhancement of systematic cardiac output in patients with refractory congestive heart failure who are symptomatic at rest. Now, we are asking more probing questions. Some answers are available; others will re...

How long can we expect to live?

Female Most developed world regions. Both sexes Least developed countries. Both sexes 1950 50.7 53.4 66.5 35.5 1955 53.9 56.8 68.5 37.7 1960 56.9 60.0 69.8 39.6 1965 59.5 62.7 70.5 41.8 1970 61.4 65.0 71.2 43.6 1975 62.9 66.8 72.2 45.2 1980 64.4 68.5 73.0 47.1 1985 65.7 70.1 74.0 49.3 1990 66.4 70.8 74.2 49.7 1995 67.0 71.4 74.9 52.6 Source: World Population Prospects: The 1996 Revision. United...

How Large an Effect Can We Expect from School Reforms?

How Large an Effect Can We Expect from School Reforms? Judging the success of school reform requires an interpretative context in which to judge whether effects obtained are large enough to be important or so small as to be a disappointment. The logic of school reform suggests two frameworks with which to judge the importance of effects. One is the size of the existing achievement gaps between ...

Formative Evaluation of Academic Progress: How Much Growth Can We Expect?

The purpose of this study was to examine students' weekly rates of academic growth, or slopes of achievement, when Curriculum-Based Measurement (CBM) is conducted repeatedly over 1 year. Using standard CBM procedures in reading, spelling, or math, students in Year 1 (n = 546) were measured once each week; students in Year 2 (n = 2,511) were measured at least monthly. Results provided corroborat...